Energy Conversion and Environment
Computational Fluid Dynamics (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Reynolds Transport Theorem: continuity equation, momentum equation, energy equation. Notions of instability and turbulence and turbulence models. Use of CFD software to model thermal and fluid problems: pre-processing, numerical meshing and boundary conditions; processing and convergence control; post-processing and visualization of 2D and 3D results.
Fluid-Solid Biphasic Flow (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Properties of particulates and grains. Fluidization. Gas-solid two-phase flow. Liquid-solid biphasic flow. Analysis of tension in granular medium. Interactions in granular medium. Discrete modeling of elements.
Flow of Solids and Discrete Element Method (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Properties of bulk solids; stress analysis and granular medium; principles of shear tests; properties and solid flow characterization; practical aspects of bulk solids shear tests. Silos tensions; silo sizing; interactions in granular medium. Introduction to the discrete element method; modeling of contact forces for application to the DEM method; applications with the EDEM and Bulk Flow Analyst software.
Turbulent Flows (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Characterization of turbulence; statistical tools; turbulence scales; basic theory; classic flow models; turbulent viscosity models; transport models for Reynolds voltages; special situations of modeling.
Estimation of Parameters and Planning of Experiments (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Direct methods of parameter estimation, nonlinear regression, interpretation and analysis of results: covariance matrix, confidence intervals and statistical tests. Sequential design of experiments: discrimination criteria between models. Criteria for parameter estimation of a mixed criteria model. Examples applied to multiphase flows.
Fundamentals of Multiphase Flow (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Review of single-phase flow. Basic two-phase flow variables. Patterns and maps of multiphase flows. One-dimensional balance of mass, amount of movement and energy in biphasic flow. Kinematic models: homogeneous, separated phases, sliding. Correlations for calculation of loss of charge and volumetric fraction in multiphase flow.
Biomass Gasification (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Thermodynamics of gasification; Kinematics of Gasification and Reactor Theory; characterization of biomass; gasification processes; gasifier design; applications; accessory processing; economic evaluation; environmental issues and safety.
Introduction to Combustion (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Thermochemistry. Chemical kinetics. Reactor models. Mass transference. Pre-mixed laminar flames. Laminar diffusive flames with reagents in the gas phase. Combustion of liquids. Pre-mixed turbulent flames. Diffuse turbulent flames. Burning solids. Emission of pollutants.
Fluid Mechanics (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Theory of the Flow of Perfect Fluids: concept of current function. The Navier-Stokes equations. Examples of analytical solutions of the equations of motion. Laminar and turbulent flow. Introduction to boundary layer theory - compressible flows.
Methods of Scientific Programming (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Programming language; practice of scientific programming with development in FORTRAN 90/95; practice of scientific programming with MATLAB software; object-oriented programming; practice of object-oriented scientific programming with development in the FORTRAN 90/95 and MATLAB languages.
Experimental Methods (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Basic concepts on experiments; Measurement techniques of Thermal and Fluid systems; Dynamic Analysis of Instruments; measurement system responses; theory of errors and uncertainties; analysis of experimental data; data-acquisition systems.
Numerical Methods (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit Hours)
Syllabus: Physical classification of problems, balance problems (PVC), Time-evolution problems (PVI), some important features of Mathematical Physics. Mathematical classification of partial differential equations (EDPs – Portuguese acronym). Finite difference method: finite differentials, difference representation of an EDP; the use of control volume; properties of finite differential schemes: consistency, stability, convergence; errors involved in numerical EDP situations; Fourier or von Neumann stability analysis; methods for solving systems of algebraic equations. Direct methods: Cramer's rule, Gaussian elimination, LU decomposition, triangular systems - Thomas's algorithm. Interactive Methods: Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel methods, the SOR methods; the conjugate gradient methods; Newton-Raphson interactive method for nonlinear systems; Applications of finite differentials in EDPs: wave equation, heat conduction equation, Laplace equation, Burgers equation (Inviscid flow), Burgers equation (viscous flow). One-dimensional parabolic systems: explicit simple method; implicit simple method; Cranck-Nicolson method; combined methods; cylindrical and spherical symmetry; 2 and 3 dimensional parabolic systems: explicit simple method, combined methods, ADI method, ADI method, ADE method, modified Upwind method. Elliptical systems: steady state diffusion, two-dimensional velocity field, two-dimensional temperature field. Hyperbolic systems: hyperbolic convection equation (wave equation), hyperbolic heat conduction equation.
Horizontal Shaft Turbine Modeling (4 Credit Units, 60 Credit hours)
Syllabus: Introduction to Turbine Aerodynamics; Actuator Disc Theory, BEM Theory, BEM Theory with belt rotation; Prandtl and Glauert corrections; turbines with diffusers; dynamic modeling of the power train of horizontal axis turbines. The effect of cavitation.
Internal Combustion Engines (4 credit units, 60 credit hours)
Syllabus: Engine design and operating parameters. Ideal models for real cycles. Intake and exhaust of gases. Combustion in spark ignition engines. Combustion in engines with compression ignition. Control pollutant formation. Heat transfer in motors. Operational characteristics of engines.
Experimental Measurement Techniques (4 credit units, 60 credit hours)
Syllabus: Basic concepts in experiments; dynamic analysis of instruments; measurement system responses; error and uncertainty theory; experimental data analysis; data acquisition system.
Advanced Thermodynamics (4 credit units, 60 credit hours).
Syllabus: Introduction; scope of classical thermodynamics, entropy generation. Basic Principles: first law for control volumes and systems, second law and maximum and minimum principles, combined first and second laws, availability and exergy, concept of availability applied in a thermodynamic cycle. Relations between thermodynamic properties; fundamental relationship, Gibbs Duhem equation, Maxwell relations, Brigdman tables and Jacobian method, partial molar properties, gas mixture, state equations, and property calculation for liquids and gases; Multiphase systems. Continuity between states, Andrew diagram, J. Thomson theory, and Clapeyron relationship; phase diagram, Gibbs rule, property calculation for multiphase systems; Reactive Systems: chemical reactions, stoichiometry, chemical equilibrium: affinity and equilibrium constant, irreversibility of chemical reactions, combustion, first and second laws, adiabatic and effective flame temperature, chemical dissociation. Exergy and Entropy Generation: reference states, physical and chemical exergy; calculation of fuel exergy, fluid flow entropy generation and heat transfer. Exergetic Analysis of Thermal Systems: steam power cycles, gas turbine cycles, refrigeration cycles, air conditioning systems, drying, metallurgical processes, heat exchangers, foundry; Thermoeconomics: basic principles, exergy and costs, optimization.